Home
|
REO
Information Center
Definitions
N - Z
A
| B | C |
D
| E | F |
G | H
| I | K |
L | M
| N | O | P | R
| S | T | U | V
| W | Y | Z
|
| Related
Lists
|
|
|
|
N
|
|
National Environmental Policy Act |
An act passed in 1969 to declare a national policy that encourages
productive and enjoyable harmony between humankind and the environment,
promotes efforts that will prevent or eliminate damage to the
environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of
humanity, enriches the understanding of the ecological systems and
natural resources important to the nation, and establishes a Council on
Environmental Quality. (FEMAT,
IX-22)
|
| National Park Service |
The agency of the US Department of the Interior responsible for
the administration of Nation Parks, Monuments, and Historic Sites. It is
distinct from the USDA Forest Service both administratively and by mission. |
| natural barrier |
A natural feature, such as a dense stand of trees or downfall,
that will restrict animal travel. |
|
natural condition
|
Early-successional forests will regenerate by different processes
during a different time period than existing
late-successional
forests. Silviculturally created stands may look and function
differently from current old-growth stands that developed over the last
1,000 years. Late-successional
reserves represent a network of existing old-growth forests that
are retained in their natural condition with natural processes,
such as fire, allowed to function to the extent possible. (From Standards
and Guidelines for Management of Habitat for Late-Successional and
Old-Growth Forest Related Species within the Range of the Northern
Spotted Owl 1994 [B - 4].)
|
|
natural disturbance
|
See disturbance.
|
| natural range of variability |
See range of variability. |
| natural resource |
A feature of the natural environment that is of value in serving
human needs. |
|
NEPA
|
See National Environmental Policy Act. |
|
nest survey
|
A way to estimate the size of a bird population by counting the number
of nests in a given area.
|
| NFLRMP (National Forest Land and
Resource Management Plan) |
Also called the Forest Plan or just the Plan, this document
guides the management of a particular National Forest and establishes
management standards and guidelines for all lands of that National Forest. |
|
NFMA (National Forest Management Act)
|
A Law passed in 1976 as an amendment to the Forest and Rangeland
Renewable Resources Planning Act, requiring the preparation of forest
plans and the preparation of regulations to guide that development.
(FEMAT,
IX-22) |
|
NFRS
|
National Forest recreation sites that have been inventoried.
|
|
no action alternative
|
The most likely condition expected to exist in the future if management
practices continue unchanged.
|
|
noncommercial vegetative treatment
|
The removal of trees for reasons other than timber production.
|
|
non-consumptive use
|
The use of a resource that does not reduce the supply. For
instance, bird watching is a non-consumptive use of wildlife.
Boating and fishing are non-consumptive uses of water.
|
|
nongame wildlife
|
All wild vertebrate and invertebrate animals not subject to sport hunting.
(FEMAT,
IX-23)
|
|
nonpoint source pollution
|
Water pollution that does not result from a discharge at a specific,
single location (such as a single pipe) but generally results from land
runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, or percolation and
normally is associated with agricultural,
silvicultural, and urban runoff, runoff from construction
activities, etc. Such pollution results in the human-made or
human-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological,
radiological integrity of water. (FEMAT,
IX-23) |
|
non-renewable resources
|
A resource whose total quantity does not increase measurable over time,
so that each use of the resource diminishes the supply
|
|
notice of intent
|
A notice in the federal register of intent to prepare an environmental
impact statement on a proposed action.
|
|
nutrient cycling
|
Circulation of exchange of elements such as nitrogen and carbon between
non-living and living portions of the environment. Includes all
mineral and nutrient cycles involving mammals and vegetation. (FEMAT,
IX-23) |
|
|
|
|
|
O
|
| old growth
forest |
A forest stand usually at
least 180-220 years old with moderate to high
canopy closure; a multilayered,
multispecies canopy dominated by large overstory trees; high
incidence of large trees, some with broken tops and other indications of old and
decaying wood (decadence); numerous large snags; and heavy
accumulations of wood, including large logs on the ground. (FEMAT,
IX-24) (Also see
definitions of Old Growth Forest) |
| organic soil |
Soil at least partly derived from living matter, such as decayed
plant material. |
| ORV (off-road vehicle) |
Any motorized track or wheeled vehicle designed for
cross-country travel over natural terrain (e.g., motorcycles, all-terrain
vehicles, four-wheeled drive vehicles, and snowmobiles). (FEMAT,
IX-24) |
|
overmature stands |
Trees of an age at which they decline in vigor and
soundness. (FEMAT,
IX-25) |
| overstory |
a) Trees that provide the uppermost layer of
foliage in a forest with more than one roughly horizontal layer of foliage. (FEMAT,
IX-25)
b) The upper canopy layer; the plants below comprise the
understory |
|
|
|
|
|
P
|
| parent material |
The mineral or organic matter from which the upper layers of
soil are formed. |
| park-like structure |
Stands with large scattered trees and open growing conditions,
usually maintained by ground fires. |
| partial retention |
A visual quality objective which, in general, means man's
activities may be evident but must remain subordinate to the characteristic
landscape. |
| patch |
A small (20-60 acre) part of the forest. This
term is often used to indicate a type of
clearcutting (patch cut) associated with the
"staggered setting" approach to distributing harvest units across landscape. (FEMAT,
IX-25) |
| patch cut |
A clear-cut that creates small openings in a
stand of trees,
usually between 15 and 40 acres in size. On the Dixie National Forest
and elsewhere, patches are used to provide the disturbance needed to
regenerate aspen. |
| percolation |
Downward flow or infiltration of water through the pores or
spaces of rock or soil. |
| perennial stream |
A stream that typically has running water on a
year-round basis. (FEMAT,
IX-26) |
|
permitted grazing
|
Grazing on a Nation Forest range allotment under the terms of a grazing
permit.
|
|
personal use
|
The use of a forest product, such as firewood, for home use and not for
commercial use.
|
|
planning area
|
All of the lands within a Federal agency's management boundary
addressed in land management plans. (FEMAT,
IX-26) |
|
planning period
|
The 50 year time frame for which goods, services, and effects were
projected in the development of the Forest Plan.
|
|
pole
|
The stage of forest succession in which trees are between 3 and 7
inches in diameter and are the dominate vegetation.
|
|
pole timber
|
Trees at least 5 inches in diameter, but smaller than the minimum size
for sawtimber.
|
|
PNV
|
See present net value.
|
|
pre-commercial thinning
|
The practice of removing some of the trees less than merchantable size
from a stand so that remaining trees will grow
faster. (FEMAT,
IX-27) |
|
predator
|
Any animal that preys externally on others by hunting, killing, and
generally feeding on a succession of hosts, i.e., the prey. (FEMAT,
IX-27) |
|
pre-existing use
|
Land use that may not conform to a zoning ordinance but existed prior
to the enactment of the ordinances.
|
|
preparatory cut
|
The removal of trees near the end of a rotation to open the canopy so the
crowns of seed bearing trees can enlarge. This improves seed
production and encourages natural regeneration. (See
rotation.)
|
|
prescribed fire
|
a) A fire burning under specified conditions that will accomplish
certain planned objectives. The fire may result from planned or
unplanned ignitions. (FEMAT,
IX-27) b)
Fire set intentionally in wild-land fuels under prescribed conditions
and circumstances. Prescribed fire can rejuvenate
forage for
livestock and wildlife or prepare sites for natural regeneration of
trees. |
|
prescription
|
Written direction for forest vegetation management, including
timber harvest and regeneration activities. For fire, a document
that describes the conditions (including but not limited to area, fuel
moisture, and weather) under which a fire for resource benefits may be
permitted to burn. (S&G Jan
2001, p. 81) |
|
present net value (PNV) or present net worth
|
The measure of the economic value of a project when costs and revenues
occur in different time periods. Future revenues and costs are
"discounted" to the present by an interest rate that reflects
the changing value of a dollar over time. The assumption is that
dollars today are more valuable than dollars in the future. PNV
is used to compare project alternatives that have different cost and
revenue flows.
|
|
pre-suppression
|
Activities organized in advance of fire occurrence to ensure
effective suppression action and/or to minimize risk to humans and
resource damage. (FEMAT,
IX-27) |
|
primitive ROS (Recreation Opportunity Spectrum)
|
A classification of wilderness and recreation opportunity. It is
characterized by an essentially unmodified environment, where trials
may be present but structures are rare, and where it is highly probable
to be isolated from the sights and sounds of people. (See
ROS).
|
|
productive
|
The ability of an area to provide goods and services and to sustain
ecological values.
|
|
prognosis
|
A computer model for timber growth and yield. It projects
per-acre growth and volume yield for commercial timber stands.
|
|
public domain
|
The territory ceded to the Federal government by the original thirteen
states, plus additions by treaty cession, and purchase.
|
|
public land
|
Land for which title and control rests with a government - Federal,
state, regional, county, or municipal.
|
|
public involvement
|
The use of appropriate procedures to inform the public, obtaining early
and continuing public participation, and consider the views of
interested parties in planning and decision making.
|
|
|
|
|
|
R
|
| range |
Land on which the principle natural plant cover is composed of
native grasses, forbs, and shrubs that are valuable as
forage for livestock
and big game. |
| range management |
The art and science of planning and directing range use intended
to yield the sustained maximum animal production and perpetuation of the
natural resources. |
| range of variability (Also called
the historic range of variability or natural range of variation) |
The components of healthy
ecosystems fluctuate over time.
The range of sustainable conditions in an ecosystem is determined by time,
processes (such as fire), native species, and the land itself. For
instance, ecosystems that have a 10 year fire cycle have a narrower range or
variation that ecosystems with 200-300 year fire cycles. Past management
has placed some ecosystems outside their range of variability. Future
management should move such ecosystems back towards their natural, sustainable
range or variation. |
| Ranger District |
The administrative sub-unit of a Nation Forest that is
supervised by a District Ranger who reports directly to the
Forest Supervisor. |
| raptor |
A bird of prey, such as an eagle or hawk. |
| RARE II |
Roadless Area Review and Evaluation. The national
inventory of roadless and undeveloped areas within the National Forests and
Grasslands. |
| recharge |
The addition of water to ground water by natural or artificial
processes. |
|
Record of Decision
|
A document separate from, but associated with, an
environmental impact
statement that: states the management decision, states the reason
for that decision, identifies all alternatives including the
environmentally preferable and selected alternatives, and also states
whether all practicable measures to avoid environmental harm from the
selected alternative have been adopted, and if not, why not. (FEMAT,
IX-28) |
|
reforestation
|
The natural or artificial restocking of an area with forest trees; most
commonly used un reference to artificial stocking. (FEMAT,
IX-28) |
|
regeneration
|
The actual seedlings and saplings existing in a stand; or the act of
establishing young trees naturally or artificially. (FEMAT,
IX-28) |
|
Regional Forester
|
The Forest Service official responsible for administering
a single region. (SAT,
p. 516) |
|
release cutting
|
Removal of competing vegetation to allow desired tree species to grow.
|
|
removal cut
|
The removal of the last seed bearers or shelter trees after
regeneration is established.
|
|
residual stand
|
The trees remaining standing after an event such as
selection cutting. (FEMAT,
IX-29) |
|
resilience
|
The ability of an ecosystem to maintain diversity, integrity, and
ecological processes following a disturbance.
|
|
Responsible official
|
The Forest Service employee who has been delegated the authority to
carry out a specific planning action.
|
|
restoration (of ecosystems)
|
Actions taken to modify an ecosystem to achieve a desired healthy, and
functioning condition.
|
|
re-vegetation
|
The re-establishment and development of plant cover by either natural
or artificial means, such as re-seeding.
|
|
riparian area
|
A geographic area containing an aquatic ecosystem and adjacent
upland areas that directly affect it. This includes
floodplain, woodlands,
and all areas within a horizontal distance of approximately 100 feed
form the normal line of high water of a stream channel or from the
shoreline of a standing body of water. (FEMAT,
IX-30) |
|
riparian ecosystem
|
The ecosystems around or next to water areas that support unique
vegetation and animal communities as a result of the influence of
water.
|
|
ROD
|
See Record of Decision. |
|
ROS
|
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. The land classification system
that categorizes land by its setting and the probable recreation
experiences and activities it affords.
|
|
rotation
|
The planned number of years between regeneration of a forest stand and
its final harvest (regeneration cut or harvest). A forest's are
at final harvest is referred to as rotation age. (FEMAT,
IX-30) |
|
roundwood
|
Timber and fuelwood prepared in the round state, such as house logs and
telephone poles.
|
|
run-off
|
The portion of precipitation that flows over the land surface or in
open channels.
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
| sacrifice area/site |
In range management, a site allowed to be overgrazed to obtain
efficient overall use of the management area. In cultural resource
management, it may refer to a site intentionally sacrificed to extensive
public use in order to preserve the larger cultural area. |
| sanitation |
The removal of dead or damaged trees, or trees susceptible
to insect and disease attack such as intermediate and suppressed trees,
essentially to prevent the spread of pest or pathogens and to promote forest
health. (FEMAT,
IX-30) |
| sapling |
A loose term for a young tree no longer a seedling
but not yet a pole. It is generally a few feed high
and 2-4 inches diameter at breast height, typically growing vigorously and
without dead bark or more than an occasional dead branch. (FEMAT,
IX-30) |
| scoping |
A process defined, according to the provisions of
the National Environmental Policy Act, as an early and open process for
determining the scope of the issues to be addressed and for identifying the
significant issues related to a proposed action. (FSEIS
Nov. 2000, Vol. I p.481) |
| second growth |
Relatively young forests that have developed
following a disturbance (e.g., wholesale cutting, serious fire, or insect
attack) of the previous old-growth forest. (FEMAT,
IX-30) |
| seed tree
cutting method |
An even-aged reproductive cutting method in which
all mature timber from an area is harvested in one entry except for a small
number of trees left as a seed source for the harvested area. (FEMAT,
IX-31) |
|
selection cutting |
A method of uneven-aged management involving the
harvesting of single trees from stands (single-tree selection) or in groups
(group selection) without harvesting the entire stand at any one time. (FEMAT,
IX-31) |
| sensitive species |
Those species that: (1) have appeared in the
Federal Register as proposed for classification and are under consideration for
official listing as endangered or threatened species; (2) are on an official
state list; or, (3) are recognized by the implementing agencies as needing
special management to prevent their being planed on federal or state lists. (FEMAT,
IX-31) |
| seral
stages |
The series of relatively transitory planned
communities that developed during ecological succession from bare ground to the
climax stage. (FSEIS
Feb. 94, Glossary-15) |
| shelterwood |
a regeneration method under an even-aged
silvicultural system. A portion of the mature stand is retained as a
source of seed and/or protection during the period of regeneration. The
mature stand is removed in two or more cuttings. (FEMAT,
IX-32) |
|
silvicultural system |
A planned sequence of treatments or prescriptions
over the entire life of a forest stand needed to meet management objectives. (FSEIS
Feb. 94, Glossary-16) |
|
silviculture
|
The science and practice of controlling the establishment,
composition, and growth of the vegetation of forest stands. It
includes the control or production of stand structures such as snags,
and down logs, in addition to live vegetation. (FEMAT,
IX-32) |
|
single tree selection
|
See individual tree selection.
|
|
site preparation
|
Any action taken in conjunction with a reforest effort (natural or
artificial) to create an environment favorable for survival of suitable
trees during the first growing season. This environment can be
created by altering ground cover, soil or microstate conditions, using
biological, mechanical, or manual clearing, prescribed burns,
herbicides, or a combination of methods. (FEMAT,
IX-32) |
|
size class
|
One of the three intervals of tree stem diameters used to classify
timber in the Forest Plan data base. The size classes are:
Seedling/Sapling (less than 5 inches in diameter); Pole Timber (5 to 7
inches in diameter); Sawtimber (greater than 7 inches in diameter).
|
|
skiddling
|
Hauling logs by sliding, not on wheels, from stump to a collection
point.
|
|
skyline logging
|
A logging system used to remove timber from steep slopes. Logs
are brought up-slope on a suspended cable, or skyline. Since the
weight of the log is completely on partially supported by the cable,
there is little disturbance to soil or other vegetation.
|
|
slash
|
The residue left on the ground after timber cutting.
It includes unused logs, uprooted
stumps, broken or uprooted stems, branches, twigs, leaves, bark, and
chips. (SAT,
p. 518) |
|
slump
|
A landslide where the underlying rock masses tilt back as they slide
from a cliff or escarpment.
|
|
small game
|
Birds and small animals normally hunted or trapped.
|
|
snag
|
a) Any standing dead, partially dead, or defective (cull) tree at
least 10 inches in diameter at breast height and a least 6 feet tall.
A hard snag is composed primarily of sound wood, generally
merchantable. A soft snag is composed primarily of wood in
advanced stages of decay and deterioration, generally not merchantable.
(FEMAT,
IX-33) Snags are important as habitat for a variety of
wildlife species and their prey.
|
|
soil compaction
|
An increase in bulk density (weight per unit volume) and a decrease in
soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. (FEMAT,
IX-33) |
|
soil productivity
|
Capacity or suitability of a soil, for establishment and growth of a
specified crop or plant species, primarily through nutrient
availability. (FEMAT,
IX-33) |
|
sound wood
|
Timber that is in solid, whole good condition. Sound wood is free
from damage, decay, or defects.
|
|
special use permit
|
A permit issued to an individual or group by the USDA Forest Service
for use of National Forest land for a special purpose. Examples
might by a Boy Scout Jamboree or a mountain bike race.
|
|
stand
|
An aggregation of trees occupying a specific area and sufficiently
uniform in composition, age, arrangement, and condition so that it is
distinguishable from the forest in adjoining areas. (FEMAT,
IX-34) |
|
standards and guidelines
|
The rules and limits governing actions, as well as the principles
specifying the environmental conditions or levels to be achieved and
maintained. (S&G Jan 2001,
p. 84) |
|
stewardship
|
Caring for the land and its resources to pass healthy ecosystems to
future generations.
|
|
stocking level
|
The number of trees in an area as compared to the desirable number of
trees for best results, such as maximum wood production.
|
|
stringer
|
A strip of vegetation different from surrounding vegetation, such as a
stinger of aspen in an area of spruce.
|
|
structure
|
The various horizontal and vertical physical elements of the forest. (FEMAT,
IX-35) |
|
succession
|
A series of dynamic changes by which one group of organisms succeeds
another through stages leading to a potential natural community or
climax. An example is development of a series of plant
communities (called seral stages) following a
major disturbance. (FEMAT,
IX-35) |
|
successional stage
|
A stage or recognizable condition of a plant community that occurs
during its development from bare ground to climax. For example,
coniferous forests in the Blue Mountains progress through six
recognized stages: grass-forb,
shrub-seedling, pole-sapling,
young, mature,
old-growth. (See also
Seral.) (FEMAT,
IX-36) |
|
suitability
|
The appropriateness of certain resource management to an area of
land. Suitability can be determined by environmental and economic
analysis of management practices.
|
|
surface resources
|
Renewable resources that are on the surface of the earth, such as
timber and forage, in contrast to ground water and minerals which are
located beneath the surface.
|
|
sustainability
|
The ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes and
functions, biological diversity, and productivity over time. (Ecosystem
Analysis at the Watershed Scale v 2.2, p. 25) |
|
sustainable
|
The yield of a natural resource that can be produced continually at a
given intensity of management is said to be sustainable.
|
|
sustained yield
|
The yield that a forest can produce continuously at a given intensity
of management. (FEMAT,
IX-36) |
|
|
|
|
|
T
|
|
target
|
A National Forest's annual goals for accomplishment for natural resource
programs. Targets represent the commitment the Forest Service has with
Congress to accomplish the work Congress has funded, and are often used as a
measure of the agency's performance.
|
|
thermal cover
|
Cover used by animals to lessen the effects of weather. For elk, a
stand of conifer trees that are 40 feet or more tall
with an average crown closure of 70
percent or more. For deer, cover may include
saplings, shrubs, or trees at least 5 feet tall with 75 percent
crown closure. (FEMAT,
IX-37) |
|
thinning
|
A cutting made in an immature stand of trees to accelerate growth of the
remaining trees or to improve the form of the remaining trees.
|
|
threatened species
|
Those plant or animal species likely to become endangered throughout all or
a specific portion of their range within the foreseeable future. A
plant or animal identified and defined in accordance with the 1973
Endangered Species Act and published in the Federal Register. (FEMAT,
IX-37) |
|
timber classification
|
a) The following are definitions of timber classifications:
- Nonforest - Land that has never supported forests, and land formerly
forested where use for timber production is precluded by development or
other uses.
- Forest - Land at least 10 percent stocked (based on crown cover) by
forest trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover and not
currently developed for nonforest use.
- Suitable - Commercial forestland identified as appropriate for timer
production.
- Unsuitable - Forestland withdrawn from timber utilization by statue or
administrative regulation (e.g., wilderness), or locally identified as not
appropriate for timber production.
(FEMAT,
IX-37)
b)
The classification of forested lands into land management alternatives
according to how the land relates to management of the timber resource
there.
|
|
tractor logging
|
A logging method that uses tractors to carry or drag logs from the stump to
a collection point.
|
|
treatment area
|
The site-specific location of a resource improvement activity.
|
|
tree opening
|
An opening in the forest created by even-aged silvicultural practices
|
|
TSI (Timber Stand Improvement
|
Measures such as thinning, pruning, release cutting, prescribed fire,
girdling, weeding, or poisoning of unwanted trees aimed at improving growing
conditions for the remaining trees. (FEMAT,
IX-37) |
|
type conversion
|
The conversion of the dominant vegetation in an area from forested to
non-forested or from one species to another.
|
|
|
|
|
|
U
|
| underburning |
Prescribed burning of the forest floor or
understory for botanical or wildlife habitat objectives,
hazard reduction, or silvicultural objectives. (FSEIS
Feb. 94, Glossary-18) |
| understory |
The trees and other woody species growing under the
canopies of larger adjacent trees and other woody growth. (FSEIS
Feb. 94, Glossary-18). See
overstory. |
| uneven-aged management |
A combination of actions that simultaneously
maintains continuous tall forest cover, recurring regeneration of desirable
species, and the orderly growth and development of trees through a rand of
diameter or age class. Cutting methods that
develop and maintain uneven-aged stands are single-tree selection and group
selection. (FEMAT,
IX-38) |
|
unregulated harvest
|
Tree harvest that is not part of the allowable sale quantity (ASQ). It
can include the removal of cull or dead material or non-commercial
species. It also includes volume removed from non-suitable areas for
research, to meet objectives other than timber production (such as wildlife
habitat improvement), or to improve administrative sites (such as
campgrounds).
|
|
unsuitable lands
|
Forest land that is not managed for timber production. Reasons may be
matters of policy, ecology, technology, silviculture, or economics.
|
|
use, allowable
|
An estimate of proper range use. Forty to fifty percent of the annual
growth is often used as a rule of thumb on ranges in good to excellent
condition. It can also mean the amount of forage planned to be used to
accelerate range rehabilitation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
V
|
| variety class |
A way to classify landscape according to visual features.
This system is based on the premise that landscapes with the greatest variety
or diversity have the greatest potential for scenic value. |
| vegetation management |
Activities designed primarily to promote the health of forest
vegetation for multiple-use purposes. |
| vegetation type |
A plant community with distinguishable characteristics. |
| vertical diversity |
The diversity in a stand that results from the
complexity of the aboveground structure of the vegetation. The more tires
of vegetation or the more diverse the species makeup (or both), the higher the
degree of vertical diversity. (See also
Horizontal Diversity.) (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
| viable population |
A wildlife or plant population that contains an
adequate number of reproductive individuals appropriately distributed on the
planning area to ensure the long-term existence of the species (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
| virgin forest |
A natural forest virtually uninfluenced by human activity. |
| visual quality objective |
A set of measurable goals for the management of forest visual
resources. |
| visual resource |
The visible physical features of a landscape. (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
|
|
|
|
W
|
| watershed |
a) The drainage basin contributing water, organic
matter, dissolved nutrients, and sediments to a stream or lake. (FEMAT,
IX-39) b) Any area of land that drains to a common point. A
watershed is smaller than a river basin or subbasin, but it is larger than a
drainage or site. The term generally describes areas that result from the
first subdivision of a subbasin, often referred to as a "fifth-field watershed."
(Ecosystem Analysis at the
Watershed Scale v 2.2, p. 25)
c) The entire region drained by a waterway (or into a lake or
reservoir). More specifically, a watershed is an area of land above a
given point on a stream that contributes water to the stream flow at that
point. |
| water table |
The upper surface of groundwater. Below it, the soil is saturated
with water. |
| water yield |
The quantity of water derived from a unit area of
watershed. (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
| wetlands |
Areas that are inundated by surface water or ground
water with a frequency sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do
or would support, a prevalence of vegetation or aquatic life that require
saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth and reproduction
(Executive Order 11990). Wetlands generally include, but are not limited
to, swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. (FEMAT,
IX-40) |
| wilderness (Wilderness Area) |
Areas designated by Congressional action under the
1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness is defined as undeveloped federal land
retaining its primeval character and influence without permanent improvements or
human habitation. Wilderness areas are protected and managed to preserve
their natural conditions, which generally appear to have been affected primarily
by the forces of nature with the imprint of human activity substantially
unnoticeable; have outstanding opportunities for solitude or for a primitive and
confined type of recreation; including at least 5,000 acres or are of sufficient
size to make practical their preservation, enjoyment, and use in an unimpaired
condition; and may contain features of scientific, educational, scenic, or
historic value as well as an ecological and geologic interest. (FEMAT,
IX-40) |
| wildfire |
And wildland fire that is not a
prescribed fire. (FEMAT,
IX-40) |
| wildlife habitat diversity |
The distribution and abundance of different plant and animal
communities and species within a specific area. |
| windthrow |
A tree or trees uprooted or felled by the wind.
(FEMAT, IX-40) |
| wood fiber production |
The growing, tending, harvesting, and regeneration of
harvestable trees. |
| woodland products |
Harvestable items from pinyon-juniper woodlands. These
include fuelwood, posts, pine nuts and Christmas trees. |
|
|
|
Y |
| yarding |
The moving of logs from the stump to a central
concentration area or landing. (FEMAT,
IX-41) |
|
|
|
Z |
|
ZOI (Zone of Influence)
|
The area influenced by Forest Service management activities.
|
|
|
|
Last updated
Thursday, April 06, 2006
|
|