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T
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target
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A National Forest's annual goals for accomplishment for natural resource
programs. Targets represent the commitment the Forest Service has with
Congress to accomplish the work Congress has funded, and are often used as a
measure of the agency's performance. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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thermal cover
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Cover used by animals to lessen the effects of weather. For elk, a
stand of conifer trees that are 40 feet or more tall
with an average crown closure of 70
percent or more. For deer, cover may include
saplings, shrubs, or trees at least 5 feet tall with 75 percent
crown closure. (FEMAT,
IX-37) |
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thinning
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A cutting made in an immature stand of trees to accelerate growth of the
remaining trees or to improve the form of the remaining trees. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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threatened species
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Those plant or animal species likely to become endangered throughout all or
a specific portion of their range within the foreseeable future. A
plant or animal identified and defined in accordance with the 1973
Endangered Species Act and published in the Federal Register. (FEMAT,
IX-37) |
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timber classification
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a) The following are definitions of timber classifications:
- Nonforest - Land that has never supported forests, and land formerly
forested where use for timber production is precluded by development or
other uses.
- Forest - Land at least 10 percent stocked (based on crown cover) by
forest trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover and not
currently developed for nonforest use.
- Suitable - Commercial forestland identified as appropriate for timer
production.
- Unsuitable - Forestland withdrawn from timber utilization by statue or
administrative regulation (e.g., wilderness), or locally identified as not
appropriate for timber production.
(FEMAT,
IX-37)
b)
The classification of forested lands into land management alternatives
according to how the land relates to management of the timber resource
there. (FS People's
Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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tractor logging
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A logging method that uses tractors to carry or drag logs from the stump to
a collection point. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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treatment area
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The site-specific location of a resource improvement activity. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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tree opening
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An opening in the forest created by even-aged silvicultural practices. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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TSI (Timber Stand Improvement
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Measures such as thinning, pruning, release cutting, prescribed fire,
girdling, weeding, or poisoning of unwanted trees aimed at improving growing
conditions for the remaining trees. (FEMAT,
IX-37) |
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type conversion
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The conversion of the dominant vegetation in an area from forested to
non-forested or from one species to another. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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U
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| underburning |
Prescribed burning of the forest floor or
understory for botanical or wildlife habitat objectives,
hazard reduction, or silvicultural objectives. (FSEIS
Feb. 94, Glossary-18) |
| understory |
The trees and other woody species growing under the
canopies of larger adjacent trees and other woody growth. (FSEIS
Feb. 94, Glossary-18). See
overstory. |
| uneven-aged management |
A combination of actions that simultaneously
maintains continuous tall forest cover, recurring regeneration of desirable
species, and the orderly growth and development of trees through a rand of
diameter or age class. Cutting methods that
develop and maintain uneven-aged stands are single-tree selection and group
selection. (FEMAT,
IX-38) |
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unregulated harvest
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Tree harvest that is not part of the allowable sale quantity (ASQ). It
can include the removal of cull or dead material or non-commercial
species. It also includes volume removed from non-suitable areas for
research, to meet objectives other than timber production (such as wildlife
habitat improvement), or to improve administrative sites (such as
campgrounds). (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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unsuitable lands
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Forest land that is not managed for timber production. Reasons may be
matters of policy, ecology, technology, silviculture, or economics. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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use, allowable
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An estimate of proper range use. Forty to fifty percent of the annual
growth is often used as a rule of thumb on ranges in good to excellent
condition. It can also mean the amount of forage planned to be used to
accelerate range rehabilitation. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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V
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| variety class |
A way to classify landscape according to visual features.
This system is based on the premise that landscapes with the greatest variety
or diversity have the greatest potential for scenic value. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| vegetation management |
Activities designed primarily to promote the health of forest
vegetation for multiple-use purposes. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| vegetation type |
A plant community with distinguishable characteristics.
(FS People's Glossary of Eco
Mgmt Terms) |
| vertical diversity |
The diversity in a stand that results from the
complexity of the aboveground structure of the vegetation. The more tires
of vegetation or the more diverse the species makeup (or both), the higher the
degree of vertical diversity. (See also
Horizontal Diversity.) (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
| viable population |
A wildlife or plant population that contains an
adequate number of reproductive individuals appropriately distributed on the
planning area to ensure the long-term existence of the species (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
| virgin forest |
A natural forest virtually uninfluenced by human activity.
(FS People's Glossary of Eco
Mgmt Terms) |
| visual quality objective |
A set of measurable goals for the management of forest visual
resources. (FS People's
Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| visual resource |
The visible physical features of a landscape. (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
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W
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| watershed |
a) The drainage basin contributing water, organic
matter, dissolved nutrients, and sediments to a stream or lake. (FEMAT,
IX-39) b) Any area of land that drains to a common point. A
watershed is smaller than a river basin or subbasin, but it is larger than a
drainage or site. The term generally describes areas that result from the
first subdivision of a subbasin, often referred to as a "fifth-field watershed."
(Ecosystem Analysis at the
Watershed Scale v 2.2, p. 25)
c) The entire region drained by a waterway (or into a lake or
reservoir). More specifically, a watershed is an area of land above a
given point on a stream that contributes water to the stream flow at that
point. (FS People's
Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| water table |
The upper surface of groundwater. Below it, the soil is saturated
with water. (FS People's
Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| water yield |
The quantity of water derived from a unit area of
watershed. (FEMAT,
IX-39) |
| wetlands |
Areas that are inundated by surface water or ground
water with a frequency sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do
or would support, a prevalence of vegetation or aquatic life that require
saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth and reproduction
(Executive Order 11990). Wetlands generally include, but are not limited
to, swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. (FEMAT,
IX-40) |
| wilderness (Wilderness Area) |
Areas designated by Congressional action under the
1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness is defined as undeveloped federal land
retaining its primeval character and influence without permanent improvements or
human habitation. Wilderness areas are protected and managed to preserve
their natural conditions, which generally appear to have been affected primarily
by the forces of nature with the imprint of human activity substantially
unnoticeable; have outstanding opportunities for solitude or for a primitive and
confined type of recreation; including at least 5,000 acres or are of sufficient
size to make practical their preservation, enjoyment, and use in an unimpaired
condition; and may contain features of scientific, educational, scenic, or
historic value as well as an ecological and geologic interest. (FEMAT,
IX-40) |
| wildfire |
And wildland fire that is not a
prescribed fire. (FEMAT,
IX-40) |
| wildlife habitat diversity |
The distribution and abundance of different plant and animal
communities and species within a specific area. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| windthrow |
A tree or trees uprooted or felled by the wind.
(FEMAT, IX-40) |
| wood fiber production |
The growing, tending, harvesting, and regeneration of
harvestable trees. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
| woodland products |
Harvestable items from pinyon-juniper woodlands. These
include fuelwood, posts, pine nuts and Christmas trees. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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Y |
| yarding |
The moving of logs from the stump to a central
concentration area or landing. (FEMAT,
IX-41) |
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Z |
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ZOI (Zone of Influence)
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The area influenced by Forest Service management activities. (FS
People's Glossary of Eco Mgmt Terms) |
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Last updated
Monday, July 21, 2003
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